New DNA analysis of the Shroud of Turin has revealed that the yarn used to make the linen fabric may have originated in ancient India's Indus Valley region. The shroud, measuring approximately 4.4 metres long and 1.1 metres wide, is a controversial Christian artefact believed by some to have wrapped the body of Jesus after his crucifixion.
Researchers, including Gianni Barcaccia at the University of Padova, analysed material collected from the relic in 1978. Their study, posted on Bioarxiv but yet to be peer-reviewed, found that about 40 per cent of the human DNA present on the shroud came from Indian lineages. This suggests a possible link to historical trade, with Romans potentially importing linen from the Indus Valley.
The analysis also identified a wide range of contaminants from animals, plants, and humans, reflecting the shroud's extensive exposure over centuries. Genetic material from domestic animals such as dogs, cats, chickens, and horses, as well as wild species like deer and rabbits, was found. Plant DNA included carrots, peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, and various wheat species.
Intense handling of the shroud by humans over the years was confirmed by the presence of skin bacteria such as Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus. The researchers noted that the diversity of human DNA challenges efforts to identify the shroud's original genetic signature.
While the study provides insights into the shroud's geographic journey across different regions and populations, it could not determine the age of the fabric. The scientists concluded that their findings illuminate the complex history of the Turin Shroud, reflecting interactions with a diverse array of individuals throughout centuries.
