Hospital admissions for influenza have surged dramatically across England, with health officials reporting a sharp 55% weekly increase in cases. During the week ending December 7, an average of 2,660 flu patients were hospitalised daily, a significant rise from 1,717 the previous week.
Flu and Colds: Understanding the Different Viruses
While both are widespread respiratory illnesses during winter, colds and flu are caused by distinct viruses. Dr Naveed Asif, a GP at The London General Practice, clarifies that colds are most commonly triggered by viruses like rhinovirus. In contrast, flu is specifically caused by influenza viruses, types A and B.
"It is possible to be infected with both a cold and the flu simultaneously, as they are caused by different viruses," Dr Asif explains. Both conditions are highly contagious, spreading through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes, as well as via contaminated surfaces.
Key Symptom Differences: Sudden Onset vs Gradual Development
Distinguishing between the two is crucial for managing your health. Dr Claire Agathou, GP and co-founder of the A–Z General Practice at The Wellington Hospital (part of HCA Healthcare UK), outlines the typical presentations.
"A common cold typically presents with a runny or blocked nose, sneezing, a sore throat, mild cough and mild fatigue," she says. Flu symptoms, however, are more severe and strike suddenly. They often include a high fever, severe tiredness and weakness, muscle and joint aches, headache, dry cough, chills, loss of appetite, and sometimes diarrhoea.
The key takeaway is that flu hits hard and fast, while cold symptoms are milder and develop more gradually.
Potential Complications and Recovery Times
Although colds are usually mild, both illnesses can lead to complications like sinusitis, ear infections, or chest infections. Flu poses a greater risk, potentially causing pneumonia and serious illness, especially in vulnerable groups.
"It's important to contact your GP promptly to discuss your symptoms if you feel unwell or are concerned," advises Dr Agathou. Recovery times also differ: a cold usually clears within seven to ten days, but flu recovery often takes one to two weeks, with fatigue potentially lingering longer.
Treatment, Prevention, and Vaccine Eligibility
Management for both focuses on rest, fluids, and symptom relief like paracetamol. Antibiotics are ineffective unless a secondary bacterial infection develops. For higher-risk groups with flu, antiviral medication may be prescribed if started early.
Prevention is paramount. The annual flu vaccine remains the single most effective protection. Dr Agathou also recommends regular handwashing, staying home when unwell, covering coughs and sneezes, and ensuring good indoor ventilation.
The free NHS flu jab is offered to specific groups, including:
- Adults aged 65 and over.
- Pregnant women.
- Children aged 2-3 and all school-aged children up to Year 11.
- People with certain long-term health conditions.
- Frontline health and social care workers.
Those not eligible for the free vaccine can often access it privately through their GP or a local pharmacist.
