A drug-resistant strain of the fungus Candida auris is becoming more infectious and spreading worldwide, according to a new scientific review. The invasive yeast can cause deadly infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.
First identified in 2009 in a patient's ear canal in Japan, Candida auris has since spread to at least 61 countries across six continents. In India, it was recognised as a major public health threat in 2014. The fungus is associated with a mortality rate exceeding 50%, even with antifungal treatment.
The review, published in Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, highlights several traits that enable the fungus to spread rapidly. It can switch from a yeast-like form to a filament-driven growth, aiding its dissemination. Cell wall proteins allow it to adhere to human skin 'like glue', facilitating colonisation and transmission within hospitals.
Candida auris also possesses 'efflux pumps' on its cell membrane that expel antifungal drugs, and it forms slimy biofilm layers on surfaces, making treatment difficult. Misidentification often delays appropriate therapy, the review notes.
The researchers call for improved surveillance, especially in resource-poor countries, and the development of new antifungal agents. Three drugs currently in clinical trials may soon become available for treatment.
