The NHS has urged the public to learn the '4 Ts' signs of type 1 diabetes, stressing that recognising them could save a life. With nearly 6 million people in the UK now living with diabetes—an all-time high according to Diabetes UK—the health service is raising awareness about key symptoms that should prompt urgent medical attention.
What Are the '4 Ts'?
The main signs, commonly known as the '4 Ts', include:
- Toilet – Needing to urinate more often, especially at night.
- Thirst – Being constantly thirsty and drinking more than usual.
- Tired – Feeling very tired and having less energy.
- Thinness – Losing weight without trying.
The NHS advises: “Ask for an urgent GP appointment or call NHS 111 if you think you or your child has type 1 diabetes.”
Additional Symptoms
Other signs that may vary from person to person include blurred vision, cuts and wounds taking longer to heal, frequent infections that do not improve, and sweet or fruity-smelling breath.
Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes symptoms can appear suddenly. If left untreated, it can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, a potentially life-threatening condition. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body does not produce insulin, and it cannot be prevented or cured. Insulin injections are the main treatment, and most people are diagnosed as children.
Type 2 diabetes shares similar symptoms but usually develops more slowly and is more common in older adults. It occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or the insulin does not work properly—known as insulin resistance. In many cases, type 2 diabetes can be prevented through healthy lifestyle choices. While there is no cure, some people may achieve remission, according to Diabetes UK.
Other Types of Diabetes
Contrary to popular belief, there are more than two types of diabetes. Around 2% of patients have other forms, including gestational diabetes, steroid-induced diabetes, type 3c diabetes, and Wolfram Syndrome.
The NHS emphasises that recognising the '4 Ts' early and seeking urgent medical help can be crucial in managing the condition and preventing serious complications.
