The National Health Service has issued a critical safety message directed at individuals who have been prescribed, or are considering taking, the medication clonazepam. This warning emphasises the importance of medical consultation, particularly for those who have used the drug for longer than a few weeks.
What is Clonazepam and Who is it For?
Clonazepam is a common prescription drug classified as a benzodiazepine. It is primarily used to help control seizures in epilepsy, manage involuntary muscle spasms, and treat panic disorders. The NHS also notes it can be prescribed for restless legs syndrome, a condition affecting as many as 1 in 10 people during their lifetime.
The medication functions by boosting levels of a calming brain chemical known as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This action can alleviate anxiety, halt seizures, and relax tense muscles. It is available solely by prescription in tablet or liquid form, suitable for most adults and children from one month old for epilepsy treatment.
Who Should Exercise Caution?
The NHS advises that certain individuals may need to stop taking clonazepam or might not be able to take it at all. It is crucial to inform your doctor before starting if you fall into any of the following categories:
- Have a history of allergic reactions to clonazepam or other medicines.
- Have been diagnosed with conditions such as myasthenia gravis, sleep apnoea, or spinal/cerebellar ataxia.
- Have existing lung, liver, or kidney problems.
- Have a history of alcohol or drug problems.
- Are experiencing depression, thoughts of self-harm, or have recently suffered a bereavement.
- Are pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding.
- Are scheduled for an operation or dental treatment requiring a general anaesthetic.
Understanding the Side Effects and Risks
Common side effects, occurring in more than 1 in 100 people, include disturbed sleep with vivid dreams, daytime drowsiness, dizziness, and muscle weakness.
A significant concern highlighted by the NHS is the risk of withdrawal symptoms with long-term use. Patients prescribed clonazepam for over four weeks will typically need their dose reduced gradually under medical supervision to prevent these symptoms.
While rare, serious side effects require immediate action. The NHS instructs patients to call a doctor or 111 immediately if they experience symptoms such as yellowing of the skin or eyes (a sign of liver problems), hallucinations, coordination issues, signs of heart problems like a racing heartbeat and swelling, or unusual bruising and breathlessness (potential signs of blood problems). Mood changes are also a noted risk, particularly in children and those over 65.
In the event of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)—signified by sudden swelling of the face or throat, breathing difficulties, or a blue/grey tinge to the skin—the public is urged to call 999 without delay.
The NHS strongly recommends that all patients refer to the leaflet inside their medicine packet for a complete list of side effects and consult their GP or pharmacist with any concerns regarding their prescription medication.
