A severe Arctic blast is sweeping across the United Kingdom, prompting health officials to issue urgent warnings about significantly increased risks of heart attacks and strokes. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has activated a national cold weather alert system as temperatures are forecast to plunge as low as -10°C.
Health Alerts and Vulnerable Groups
The UKHSA has declared an amber cold weather alert for several regions including Yorkshire and the Humber, the North West, and the North East of England. All other English regions are currently under a yellow alert status. These alerts became active at midday on Monday, November 17 and are scheduled to remain in effect until 8 am on Saturday, November 22.
This prolonged cold spell is expected to place substantial additional pressure on the NHS and other health services. Dr Agostinho Sousa, Head of Extreme Events and Health Protection at UKHSA, emphasised the seriousness of the situation, stating this is the first prolonged cold spell of the season.
"The forecasted temperatures can have a serious impact on the health of some people," Dr Sousa warned, "leading to increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and chest infections." Those most vulnerable include people aged 65 and over, individuals with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular conditions, and those experiencing homelessness.
Met Office Warnings and Forecast Details
The Met Office has issued multiple snow and ice warnings across the UK this week, attributing the severe conditions to a cold northerly flow originating from the Arctic. Deputy Chief Forecaster Tom Crabtree identified that Wednesday to Friday will be the coldest period, with the greatest potential for disruptive weather.
Crabtree further cautioned that "overnight, temperatures could get down to minus ten", with significant wind chill from strong northerly winds making conditions feel even colder. The Met Office has confirmed that such extreme cold can increase risks of pneumonia, worsen arthritis symptoms, and trigger cardiovascular problems.
Protective Measures and Health Advice
The British Heart Foundation has explained the physiological dangers, noting that cold conditions cause blood vessels to constrict to conserve heat. This can lead to thicker blood and a higher risk of blood clots, placing extra strain on the heart.
Health officials have issued comprehensive guidance to help people stay safe during the cold snap:
- Eat regularly, including at least one hot meal daily, and consume regular hot drinks.
- Keep homes adequately heated and bedroom windows closed during cold nights.
- Stay active indoors and avoid sitting still for extended periods exceeding one hour.
- Wear multiple layers of light clothing when going outside.
There is compelling evidence that maintaining physical activity during cold weather can lower risks of heart disease, stroke, and depression. Regular movement also helps reduce the risk of falls, which become more common in icy conditions.
Dr Sousa concluded with a community-focused message: "It is therefore vital to check in on friends, family and neighbours that are most vulnerable" during this challenging weather period.
