Scientists have suggested that autism is not unique to humans, as new evidence indicates dogs can also be neurodivergent. Dr Jacqueline Boyd, an animal scientist from Nottingham Trent University, says dogs can have similar structural and chemical brain differences to those found in humans with autism or ADHD.
Currently, there is no formal diagnosis for autism or ADHD in dogs; vets categorise such behaviours under 'Canine Dysfunctional Behaviour' (CDB). However, Dr Boyd notes that researchers are increasingly considering that animals may experience the world differently due to brain function diversity.
Signs of neurodivergence in dogs include impulsivity, hypervigilance, or hyperfocus, which mimic traits of ADHD or autism in humans. Some dogs may also show excessive sensitivity to sounds like fireworks or shouting, and social difficulties similar to those in autistic people.
Research has identified a mutation in the Shank3 gene in some beagles, which is linked to autism in humans. These dogs also exhibit reduced neural coupling during social interactions, mirroring patterns seen in autistic individuals.
Dr Boyd cautioned that diagnosing neurodivergence in dogs is challenging, as they cannot communicate like humans. Nonetheless, she says dogs can exhibit behavioural tendencies that would meet diagnostic criteria for neurodivergent conditions in people.
