Health authorities have issued a stark warning about a mosquito-borne virus that has become a 'significant concern' for travellers. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has urged those heading overseas to be vigilant, as the number of returning travellers infected with chikungunya has soared in recent years.
What Is Chikungunya?
Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. According to the World Health Organization, large outbreaks and sporadic cases are reported mainly in the Americas, Asia, and Africa, with occasional smaller outbreaks in Europe. While most people recover within one to two weeks, the virus can cause debilitating symptoms that persist for months or even years.
Rising Cases Among UK Travellers
In 2024, there were 112 confirmed and probable cases of chikungunya among travellers returning to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. This represents a nearly 50% increase compared to 2023. The UKHSA noted that travel to India accounted for the majority of cases, followed by Pakistan and Brazil — all popular destinations for UK travellers. There is currently no risk of onward transmission in the UK, as invasive mosquito species have not established here. However, climate change may increase suitability for these species in the future.
Symptoms to Look Out For
The UKHSA has outlined key symptoms travellers should monitor. The first signs typically include a high fever and severe joint pain, often more pronounced in small joints or areas of previous injury. Other symptoms may include muscle pain, headaches, sensitivity to light, and distinctive skin rashes. While most patients recover fully within one to two weeks, joint pain can persist for months or even years. Up to 12% of patients still experience discomfort three years after infection. Serious complications are rare, occurring in about one in every 1,000 cases, but higher risks exist for young babies, elderly people, and those with underlying health conditions.
Prevention and Treatment
There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for chikungunya, making prevention essential. The UKHSA advises rigorous mosquito bite prevention measures, including:
- Using repellents containing DEET or picaridin on exposed skin
- Wearing light-coloured, loose-fitting clothing that covers arms and legs
- Following manufacturer's instructions for insect repellent use, especially for babies and young children
- Avoiding areas with standing water, where mosquitoes breed
Unlike some mosquito species that prefer rural areas, Aedes mosquitoes thrive in urban environments and often bite indoors, so hotel room precautions are equally important. Two vaccines — IXCHIQ and Vimkunya — have recently been approved for UK travellers, but they are not yet listed in the Green Book. As of July 2025, IXCHIQ should not be given to adults aged 60 years and older, nor to people with a history of thymus disorders.
UKHSA Advice
The UKHSA North East reiterated the warning on social media, stating: 'Chikungunya has become a concern for travellers to some international destinations. There is currently no onward transmission in the UK, but for those travelling to at risk countries our blog post offers the best advice on prevention and protection.' Travellers are urged to stay informed and take all necessary precautions to avoid infection.
