The United States once protected ships from Iranian attacks in the Strait of Hormuz during the 1980s, a period known as the "Tanker war." Now, as tensions flare again, analysts question whether Washington could replicate that mission.
Historical Context: The Tanker War
The "Tanker war" emerged from the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s. Iraq targeted Iranian oil infrastructure and tankers, prompting Iran to retaliate against shipping in the Persian Gulf, including laying naval mines. The U.S., supporting Iraq, launched "Operation Earnest Will" to escort reflagged Kuwaiti tankers. Despite dangers—such as the Bridgeton striking a mine and the USS Stark being hit by an Iraqi missile—the operation succeeded in escorting some 70 convoys.
Current Challenges
Today, replicating that success faces significant hurdles. Military technology has advanced, making it harder to secure waterways against asymmetrical threats like fast boats, drones, and short-range missiles. The U.S. has not defined clear, narrow goals as in the 1980s, and international shippers may not feel safe even with an escort, given America's combatant status.
Iran's paramilitary Revolutionary Guard uses small civilian vessels for military purposes, seizing two cargo ships this week. These actions demonstrate the Guard's ability to disrupt the strait, through which 20% of global oil and gas passes, despite a U.S. blockade.
Expert Opinions
Torbjorn Soltvedt of Verisk Maplecroft notes that securing the waterway is now much more difficult than during the Tanker war due to technological evolution. Former U.S. diplomat Tom Duffy adds that current U.S. goals are a "kaleidoscope of regime change" compared to the clear objective of keeping the strait open in the 1980s.
The U.S. Navy has conducted limited escorts in the Red Sea against Houthi attacks, focusing on U.S.-flagged ships. However, ensuring safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz would likely involve intense combat. Duffy also questions whether the Trump administration wants such a fight, citing a shift in policy that may not prioritize freedom of the seas.
