Allowing domestic cats to roam outside significantly shortens their lives, according to a new research review. The study, which analysed global data, found that outdoor cats live at least two to three years less than those kept contained.
The top risks for roaming cats include road traffic accidents, fighting, and falls. In the UK, road traffic accidents were the leading cause of death for cats up to eight years old. European estimates suggest 18–24% of cats are struck by a car during their lifetime, with around 70% of incidents proving fatal.
Cameras fitted to cats in the US and New Zealand revealed that many roam into hazardous situations: crossing roads, drinking from unknown sources, exploring storm drains, and climbing onto roofs. In Australia, radio-tracked cats averaged nearly five road crossings per day.
Beyond trauma, roaming cats face infectious diseases like Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and fight-related injuries. In a Western Australian study of 55 cats over eight months, two were poisoned, one lost a leg in a traffic accident, and several required veterinary treatment for fight wounds.
The researchers recommend containing cats on the property, either indoors or in secure outdoor enclosures known as 'catios'. They also suggest harness training for supervised outings. Providing toys, climbing spaces, and window views can keep contained cats happy and healthy.
