A new study has revealed that dogs and humans share genetic roots for emotional behaviour, with genes linked to anxiety and depression in people also influencing canine personality traits.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge analysed the genetic code of 1,300 golden retrievers and compared it with behavioural assessments from owner questionnaires. They identified twelve genes that also underlie human behavioural traits and emotions.
For example, the gene HUNK was found to make golden retrievers nervous around other dogs, while the same gene in humans is associated with worry. Another gene, ASCC3, linked to fear of loud noises in dogs, corresponds to mood swings and neuroticism in humans.
“The findings are really striking – they provide strong evidence that humans and golden retrievers have shared genetic roots for their behaviour,” said Dr Eleanor Raffan, who led the study published in the journal PNAS.
The team noted that these genes influence emotional states rather than causing specific behaviours. Understanding this could help owners empathise with their pets. “If your golden retriever cowers behind the sofa every time the doorbell rings, perhaps you might have a bit more empathy if you know they’re genetically driven to feel sensitive and anxious,” said Dr Anna Morros-Nuevo, a co-author.
