Most women instinctively reach for paracetamol when period pain strikes, but a new study suggests this may not be the best choice. Researchers from the University of Bristol and the University of Nottingham analyzed 211 million supermarket receipts from 2006 to 2015, published in PLOS Digital Health, and found that people overwhelmingly choose paracetamol over other painkillers when buying menstrual products.
However, experts note that ibuprofen is actually more effective for cramps. Of all purchases involving period products, 50% included pain relief, with two-thirds being paracetamol and one-third ibuprofen. The study also revealed a socio-economic link: those in low-income areas were 32% less likely to buy pain relief alongside period products due to affordability.
Why Ibuprofen Works Better
Dr. Giuseppe Aragona, medical adviser for Prescription Doctor, explains that ibuprofen targets the root cause of period pain by reducing prostaglandins, which cause uterine contractions. As a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), it reduces prostaglandin production, offering better relief than paracetamol, which only alters pain perception.
When Paracetamol May Help
Paracetamol can still be useful for those who cannot take ibuprofen due to asthma, stomach ulcers, or kidney issues. It works by reducing pain perception but lacks anti-inflammatory effects, making it less effective for moderate to severe cramps.
Preventative Use of Ibuprofen
Taking ibuprofen before pain starts may help by lowering prostaglandin levels before they build up. However, dosing instructions should be followed, and medical advice sought if unsure.
Other Options
Naproxen, another NSAID, is an alternative. Non-medical relief includes hot water bottles or heat patches. For severe pain, hormonal contraception like the combined pill may reduce symptoms by suppressing ovulation and prostaglandin production.
The study highlights the need for better awareness and treatment of menstrual pain. A 2025 Wellbeing of Women survey found that 50% of women saw a healthcare professional for period issues, yet many had symptoms dismissed. The average wait for endometriosis diagnosis is over nine years, with 39% visiting their GP at least 10 times before referral.
Anyone experiencing severe or worsening period pain should consult their GP.
