As Coeliac Awareness Month approaches in May, Coeliac UK is drawing attention to the lesser-known signs of this serious autoimmune condition. While many recognise the digestive issues associated with coeliac disease, subtle symptoms often go unnoticed, leading to a significant underdiagnosis.
Alice Andrews, health policy lead at Coeliac UK, explains that coeliac disease is not an allergy or intolerance but an autoimmune condition where gluten damages the small intestine lining, preventing nutrient absorption. Despite affecting one in 100 people in the UK, only 36 per cent are diagnosed, leaving an estimated 500,000 individuals with unexplained symptoms.
The condition is more common in those with a first-degree relative who has coeliac disease, increasing the risk to one in 10. People with other autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune thyroid disease, are also at higher risk.
Subtle symptoms include persistent mouth ulcers, sudden weight loss, ongoing tiredness, vitamin deficiencies (particularly iron and B12), numbness and tingling in the hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy), and coordination issues (ataxia). These signs are often overlooked but warrant medical attention if persistent.
Diagnosis starts with a GP blood test, followed by a specialist referral for further tests, including an endoscopy and biopsy. The only treatment is a strict gluten-free diet, which is a medical necessity. Left undiagnosed, coeliac disease can lead to complications like osteoporosis, anaemia, and rarely, small bowel lymphoma.
Coeliac UK urges anyone with persistent or unexplained symptoms to use their online symptom checker and consult a GP. Early diagnosis is crucial for managing the condition and preventing long-term health issues.
