A tragic case of a rare but deadly brain infection has been reported in South Carolina, caused by the so-called 'brain-eating amoeba,' Naegleria fowleri. The microscopic organism, typically found in warm freshwater, enters the body through the nose and attacks brain tissue, leading to a nearly always fatal condition known as primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
How Does the Infection Occur?
The amoeba thrives in warm lakes, rivers, and poorly maintained swimming pools. Infection occurs when contaminated water is forced into the nasal passages, often during swimming or diving. Once inside, the amoeba travels to the brain, causing severe inflammation and rapid neurological deterioration.
Symptoms to Watch For
Early symptoms mimic those of bacterial meningitis, including:
- Severe headache
- Fever
- Nausea and vomiting
- Stiff neck
- Seizures
As the disease progresses, confusion, hallucinations, and coma typically follow. Death usually occurs within five days of symptom onset.
Extremely Rare but Deadly
While infections are exceptionally rare—only about three cases are reported annually in the U.S.—the fatality rate exceeds 97%. Only four known survivors have been documented in North America since 1962.
Prevention Measures
Health officials recommend the following precautions:
- Avoid swimming in warm, stagnant freshwater during hot weather.
- Use nose clips when diving or jumping into freshwater.
- Ensure proper chlorination of swimming pools and water parks.
Authorities stress that the amoeba cannot infect people through drinking contaminated water, and the disease is not contagious.
Recent Case in South Carolina
Details about the latest victim have not been released, but health officials confirm the individual was exposed to freshwater in the state. This marks the first reported case in South Carolina since 2016.
The CDC continues to monitor cases while emphasizing that despite the alarming nature of the infection, the overall risk to the public remains extremely low.
