The National Health Service (NHS) has issued important guidance for people who experience troubling sensations in their legs during the night, warning it could be a sign of a common but disruptive condition affecting sleep.
What is Restless Legs Syndrome?
According to the NHS, these night-time leg issues could point to restless legs syndrome (RLS). This condition is defined by an overwhelming and often irresistible urge to move the legs, which typically intensifies during periods of rest in the evening or at night.
The sensations experienced can vary but often include uncomfortable feelings like throbbing, tingling, or itching. Some people also report pain. Crucially, these symptoms are usually more pronounced at night and can severely impact the ability to fall or stay asleep.
Key Symptoms to Watch For
The NHS outlines three primary symptoms that characterise restless legs syndrome:
- A powerful, compelling need to move your legs.
- Uncomfortable and unusual sensations in the legs, such as tingling, throbbing, or itching.
- Pain in the legs.
"Symptoms are usually worse at night when resting and can affect your sleep," the health service states. "Some people also have symptoms in other parts of the body, such as the arms."
It is important to note that other conditions, including leg cramps and peripheral neuropathy, can mimic RLS. Therefore, obtaining a proper medical diagnosis is essential.
When to Seek Help from Your GP
The NHS advises consulting a GP if the symptoms are persistent and all-consuming, particularly if they hinder your sleep. You should specifically mention to your doctor if:
- The condition stops you from sleeping.
- It begins to affect your mental health.
- Attempts at self-help have provided no relief.
A GP can discuss treatment options, which may include medication. In complex cases, they might refer you to a neurologist or a sleep specialist for further assessment.
Managing Symptoms at Home
Before or alongside seeking medical advice, the NHS recommends trying several lifestyle adjustments to see if they ease the discomfort:
- Incorporate moderate exercise into your daily routine.
- Establish a consistent sleep schedule, going to bed and waking at the same time each day.
- Ensure your bedroom is dark, quiet, and conducive to sleep.
- Try taking a warm bath or using heat pads on your legs before bedtime.
- When symptoms strike, try walking, stretching, or gently massaging your legs.
- Use distractions like reading or puzzles to take your mind off the sensations.
- Seek support to stop smoking if you are a smoker.
Conversely, there are things you should avoid:
- Consuming caffeine (tea, coffee, energy drinks) after midday.
- Drinking alcohol in the two hours before bed.
- Eating large meals or doing strenuous exercise late at night.
- Using electronic devices right before sleep.
- Napping during the daytime.
Potential Causes and Diagnosis
The NHS indicates that the cause of RLS is often linked to iron levels and the brain chemical dopamine. A family history of the condition can also increase your risk. Other associated factors include pregnancy (where symptoms usually resolve after birth), iron deficiency anaemia, kidney disease, and certain medications.
For a formal diagnosis, guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) require all of the following criteria to be met: an urge to move the legs with unpleasant sensations; symptoms that begin or worsen during rest; partial or total relief through movement; symptoms that are worse in the evening or night; and the exclusion of other medical or behavioural causes.
