A new EU-funded project, GeoKarst, is highlighting the unique landscape of caves, gorges and medieval villages near Trieste, spanning the border between Italy and Slovenia. The region, known for its porous limestone rock, features thousands of caves, including Vilenica, thought to be the first cave in the world opened to tourists, with records dating back to 1633. Visitors can experience total darkness and the sound of dripping water before lights reveal soaring stalagmites and plunging stalactites streaked in red, terracotta and orange by iron oxide.
Above ground, the Karst plateau is characterised by rocks with lined striations and hollows known as dolines, where limestone has collapsed. Below ground, enormous caves, sinkholes and subterranean rivers await. At Škocjan, an underground river thunders through a chamber almost 150 metres high, creating a surreal sensory experience. The region is increasingly viewing itself as one entity across two countries, aiming to combat overtourism by attracting visitors seeking a slower, authentic experience.
The geopark showcases shared history, nature and culture, with hopes of securing Unesco designation. Highlights include Štanjel, a medieval village with prehistoric and Roman origins, built from local Karst stone. On the Italian side, Trieste blends Italian culture with Viennese art nouveau architecture, reflecting its history as the Austro-Hungarian empire's sole port. Locals appreciate the city's open-minded spirit and easy access to nature, such as the Via Napoleonica route offering panoramic views of the bay.
Local produce is central to the Karst experience, with most food sourced from farmers. Unique osmice, family-run farms and vineyards, offer homemade cheese, wine, prosciutto, honey and olive oil. At Cantina Parovel, three generations of the family were born in the same village, yet their grandparents were born in the Austro-Hungarian empire, the parents in Italy, and the children in Slovenia, reflecting the region's complex history.
