In a significant development for neurodegenerative research, scientists have identified a common supplement that could potentially lower the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
The 'exciting' discovery centres on arginine, a naturally occurring amino acid, which was found to prevent the accumulation of toxic proteins in the brain linked to the onset of Alzheimer's.
The Science Behind the Discovery
Published in the journal Neurochemistry International, the study provides compelling evidence. Researchers discovered that arginine can significantly decrease amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation and its toxic effects in animal models of the disease.
Amyloid beta is a protein that forms plaques around brain cells, a key hallmark of Alzheimer's pathology. The research team, led by Professor Yoshitaka Nagai, found that oral administration of arginine to mice reduced the formation of these plaques and decreased levels of insoluble Aβ42 within the brain.
Beyond Plaque Reduction: Broader Benefits
The positive effects observed in the study extended beyond just clearing plaque. The mice given arginine also performed better in behavioural tests, suggesting an improvement in cognitive function.
Furthermore, the study noted lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, which are associated with the neuroinflammation that plays a major role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Professor Nagai highlighted the significance of these findings, stating: "Our study demonstrates that arginine can suppress Aβ aggregation both in vitro and in vivo." He emphasised the supplement's potential, adding, "What makes this finding exciting is that arginine is already known to be clinically safe and inexpensive, making it a highly promising candidate for repositioning as a therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease."
Pathway to Future Treatments
This breakthrough opens up fresh avenues for preventing and treating Alzheimer's. Professor Nagai suggested the research could lead to arginine-based strategies for neurodegenerative diseases caused by protein misfolding.
Given its excellent safety profile and low cost, arginine could be rapidly translated into clinical trials for Alzheimer's and potentially other related disorders.
However, the research team issued a crucial caveat. They stressed that further preclinical and clinical investigations are necessary to confirm if these promising results can be replicated in humans and to establish safe and effective dosing protocols for people. It is vital to note that the doses used in this study were designed for research and do not correspond to commercially available supplements.
Arginine, also known as L-arginine, is an amino acid that helps the body produce proteins. It is found naturally in many high-protein foods, including:
- Meat and fish
- Nuts and seeds
- Dairy products
It is also widely available as an oral supplement from health stores.
According to the NHS, the early signs of Alzheimer's disease often involve memory lapses. This can include forgetting recent conversations or events, misplacing items, and struggling to find the right words. Anyone concerned about these symptoms should consult a GP.
