Pharmacist Issues Critical Warning for Patients on Omeprazole or Metformin
A prominent pharmacist has issued an urgent warning for individuals taking widely prescribed medications such as omeprazole and metformin, highlighting a list of symptoms that could indicate a serious vitamin B12 deficiency. Superdrug Pharmacy Superintendent, Niamh McMillan, emphasises that these signs are often subtle and easily overlooked, yet they can have significant health implications if left unaddressed.
Recognising the Symptoms of B12 Deficiency
Ms. McMillan explains that vitamin B12 is crucial for maintaining healthy nerve function and blood cells. A deficiency can develop gradually, making early detection challenging. Common symptoms to watch for include persistent fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, headaches, dizziness, and pale skin. Additionally, a sore or red tongue is a notable indicator that should not be ignored.
Other potential signs encompass:
- Pins and needles sensations
- Numbness in the hands or feet
- Memory issues and difficulty concentrating
- Low mood or depression
Why Certain Medications Increase Risk
B12 deficiency arises when the body either does not receive enough of the vitamin or cannot absorb it properly. This condition is more prevalent among specific groups, including those on long-term acid-reducing treatments like proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole, esomeprazole) or the diabetes medication metformin. These drugs can alter the stomach or gut environment, hindering B12 absorption from food.
Other medications linked to B12 deficiency include:
- H2 blockers such as famotidine
- Oral contraceptives, though this is debated
- Colchicine for gout
- Anticonvulsants like phenytoin
- Nitrous oxide (laughing gas)
- Long-term antibiotics
Prevention and Management Strategies
To mitigate the risk of deficiency, incorporating dietary sources of vitamin B12 is essential. Foods rich in B12 include meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, and fortified items like some breakfast cereals and plant-based milks. For those at higher risk, such as vegans, vegetarians, older adults, or individuals with digestive conditions like coeliac disease, supplements may be beneficial.
Ms. McMillan advises, "If you experience symptoms or are at elevated risk, consult a healthcare professional promptly." A simple blood test can assess B12 levels, enabling early intervention to prevent long-term complications. Superdrug Health Clinics offer a Vitamin B12 Injection Service at selected UK locations following clinical assessment.
Key Recommendations for Medication Users
For those taking long-term medications associated with B12 deficiency:
- Do not discontinue medication without medical advice
- Monitor for symptoms like fatigue, tingling, brain fog, or tongue soreness
- Request periodic B12 screening, as many doctors now recommend for patients on metformin or PPIs
This warning underscores the importance of awareness and proactive health management for millions relying on these common treatments.
