An expert has debunked the widespread myth that cold weather directly causes illnesses like colds or flu, emphasising that these conditions are triggered by viruses, not the chill itself. However, cold temperatures play a significant role in amplifying risk through various biological, environmental, and social mechanisms.
How Cold Weather Influences Viral Spread
Respiratory viruses, including influenza, thrive in cold, dry conditions, where they can survive longer and remain infectious. Dry air allows virus-containing droplets to stay suspended in the atmosphere for extended periods, facilitating easier transmission between individuals.
Impact on the Body's Defences
Breathing in cold air can weaken the body's immune responses in the nose and airways. This occurs by reducing blood flow and impairing the effectiveness of mucus, which normally traps and eliminates pathogens. As a result, viruses find it easier to establish infections when these natural barriers are compromised.
Behavioural and Seasonal Factors
Seasonal changes in human behaviour also contribute to increased viral spread during colder months. People tend to spend more time indoors in crowded, poorly ventilated spaces, creating ideal environments for viruses to circulate. Additionally, reduced sunlight exposure leads to lower Vitamin D levels, which can further weaken immune function.
Prevention Strategies Emphasised
Understanding that cold weather acts as a 'risk amplifier' rather than a direct cause of illness is crucial for developing effective prevention measures. Experts recommend improving indoor ventilation, maintaining adequate humidity levels, and practising good hygiene to mitigate these risks. By focusing on these factors, individuals can better protect themselves against respiratory illnesses throughout the winter season.
