Scientists have found the first robust evidence that genetics play a role in developing myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). The findings, from the world's largest genetic study into the condition, identified eight regions of the human genome that differ significantly in people with ME/CFS compared to those without.
The DecodeME study, led by the University of Edinburgh and involving ME charities and patients, analysed DNA samples from 15,579 people with ME/CFS and over 250,000 healthy controls. The results suggest that several common genetic variants increase the risk of developing the illness, though many carriers never develop symptoms.
Professor Chris Ponting, a lead investigator, called the results a 'wake-up call' showing that genetics can 'tip the balance' towards developing ME/CFS. The genetic regions identified contain genes involved in immune defences and the nervous system, potentially compromising the ability to fight infections. Another variant is linked to chronic pain, a common symptom.
Sonya Chowdhury, chief executive of Action for ME, said the findings add 'validity and credibility' for patients who have often been disbelieved. The study also found no genetic explanation for why ME/CFS affects four times more women than men, and no genetic link to long Covid.
While the results have not yet been peer-reviewed, experts say they provide a solid basis for future research that could lead to diagnostic tests and treatments. The study is ongoing, with researchers encouraging others to use different approaches to explore the same questions.
