Forgetting words, losing focus, or feeling mentally foggy are often dismissed as stress or fatigue. However, for some, these could be early signs of autoimmune encephalitis, a rare condition where the immune system attacks the brain, causing inflammation.
Affecting up to 14 in 100,000 people annually, the condition is now recognised as more common due to improved awareness and testing. Symptoms range from seizures and hallucinations to subtler issues like confusion and memory lapses, which can come and go, leading to misdiagnosis as depression or dementia.
Diagnosis is challenging; MRI scans may appear normal early on, while PET scans can detect changes sooner. A 2023 Australian study of 50 patients found many struggle with daily tasks, and nearly a third cannot return to work or study due to ongoing cognitive and emotional difficulties.
Early treatment is crucial to prevent long-term brain injury. Recovery varies, with some improving quickly and others taking months or years. Support from flexible work arrangements, therapy, and understanding networks is key to rebuilding confidence and independence.
