Girls have overtaken boys in top GCSE maths grades for the first time in seven years, marking a significant shift in a subject long considered a male stronghold. The achievement also extends to A-level maths, where girls have outperformed boys in the highest grades.
This trend is part of a broader pattern observed across all educational levels, from early years to university. In the UK and most developed countries, females now consistently outperform males in formal learning. However, experts caution against attributing this to innate intelligence or 'gendered brains'.
Jake Anders, deputy director of UCL's Centre for Education Policy and Equalising Opportunities, emphasises that societal expectations play a crucial role. 'Neuroscientists and psychologists are sceptical of sex-based brain differences explaining schooling disparities. Instead, internalised gender norms influence how boys and girls engage with school,' he says.
Jennie Golding of UCL's Institute of Education notes that boys often start school with weaker language skills, leading them to excel in maths as a confidence booster. However, the shift to teacher assessment during the pandemic may have benefited girls, who tend to work more steadily. 'Exams can help boys focus short-term, but teacher assessment rewards consistent effort,' she explains.
Despite these gains, Golding supports the return of exams, as they help synthesise learning, particularly in maths. She also highlights that exams can reduce 'impostor syndrome' among girls pursuing higher education.
