Domestic flights in the UK are frequently cheaper than train travel, despite the higher environmental cost and government subsidies for rail. A study by personal finance site Finder found flying was the cheapest option more often than taking the train, with respondents expressing surprise and discomfort at the price disparity.
On a sample day in October, a midday train from London to Edinburgh cost from £77.10, while flights started at £15. Similarly, a Newquay to Manchester train cost from £113, compared to flights from £53. Glasgow to Bristol flights were available from £15, while train fares began at £56.50. Prices vary by time and booking date, indicating they do not simply reflect service costs.
Train operators' main costs—leasing trains, staffing, and track upkeep—account for about 85% of expenses, plus fuel subject to VAT (5% on diesel, 20% on electricity). Running a London-Edinburgh train costs “tens of thousands of pounds,” yet the government subsidised rail companies by £4.1bn in the year to March 2024. Airlines face similar costs but avoid VAT and duty on fuel, paying only £7 air passenger duty on domestic flights. The Campaign for Better Transport estimated taxing domestic flight fuel like petrol would raise £1.5bn annually.
Headline fares often exclude extras. Ryanair’s average fare was €46 (£41), but total revenue per passenger reached almost €70 with add-ons. A London-Edinburgh train allows three bags; the cheapest Ryanair flight permits only one small bag. Adding a 10kg suitcase costs £28, bringing the total to £43—still cheaper than the train at £77.10. However, taking a bike costs £60 on Ryanair but is free on LNER. Seat reservation is free on trains but charged on planes.
Even without luggage, a flight may be a false economy if your destination is city centre, as airports are often far from urban hubs.
