The United States and Iran have officially signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to end the war, two senior American officials have confirmed. The signing of the peace agreement was conducted digitally, and the MOU is now in effect.
Key Terms of the Agreement
Iran has 60 days to demonstrate its commitment to peace and reform following the signing of the accord with America. Both sides will engage in discussions to resolve outstanding matters, including the status of the Strait of Hormuz, a $300 billion fund to reconstruct Iran, and other issues.
The MOU sets out the framework for the next two months of negotiations, with the US aiming to achieve its overarching objective of de-proliferation. President Trump warned Tehran leaders to honor the agreement or face renewed conflict. “We’re gonna bomb the hell out of them if they violate the agreement,” Trump said.
Full Text of the Memorandum
- The Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States declare an immediate and permanent end to the war on all fronts, including Lebanon, and pledge no hostile actions against each other.
- Both parties undertake to respect each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and refrain from interfering in internal affairs.
- Negotiations for a final agreement must conclude within 60 days, extendable by mutual consent.
- The US will lift the naval blockade and restore traffic within 30 days, withdrawing forces from surrounding areas within 30 days after the final agreement.
- Iran will ensure merchant ship movement resumes within 30 days to pre-war volume, removing technical obstacles and neutralizing mines.
- The US, with regional partners, will create a comprehensive rehabilitation and economic development plan for Iran, with at least $300 billion in financing.
- The US commits to ending all sanctions, including UN Security Council and IAEA resolutions, and all unilateral US sanctions.
- Iran reiterates it will never produce nuclear weapons; the fate of enriched material will be addressed in the final agreement.
- Both parties will maintain the status quo on Iran’s nuclear program and US sanctions and forces in the region pending a final agreement.
- The US Treasury will issue waivers for exports of Iranian crude oil, petrochemicals, and related services immediately after signing.
- Frozen Iranian funds and assets will be released and made fully available for use as determined by Iran’s Central Bank.
- An implementation mechanism will oversee the successful implementation of the final agreement.
- After receiving assurances on implementation of Articles 4, 5, 10, and 11, both parties will negotiate a final agreement on remaining articles.
- The final agreement will be approved through a binding UN Security Council resolution.
Reactions and Implications
Iran’s top negotiator, Mohammad-Bagher Ghalibaf, called the final version of the MOU “America’s failure.” The agreement suggests Iran will work to degrade its atomic stockpile under IAEA supervision, which was expelled at the start of the war. The IAEA and Iran remain in a standoff over unverified enriched uranium stockpiles, with the UN watchdog unable to monitor large parts of Iran’s nuclear program.
The offer to lift all sanctions represents major concessions beyond the 2015 nuclear deal, which Trump withdrew from in his first term, calling it the “worst deal ever.”
