Former Attorney General Advocates for 'Anti-Muslim Hostility' Over 'Islamophobia'
Dominic Grieve, the former attorney general appointed by the Labour government to develop a new definition, has revealed that he abandoned the term 'Islamophobia' to better protect Muslims from abuse and harassment while still allowing criticism of Islam. In a statement released on Wednesday 11 March 2026, Grieve emphasised that the shift aims to address growing issues without stifling legitimate debate.
Rising Casual Abuse and Online Vilification
The working group tasked with creating a non-statutory definition found clear evidence that casual abuse and harassment of law-abiding Muslims are increasing. These individuals seek to live harmoniously with their neighbours and contribute to society, yet face escalating hostility. Social media platforms have exacerbated this problem, fostering repulsive generalised vilification that risks deepening societal divisions and causing significant damage.
Grieve noted that this trend cannot be ignored, as it threatens social cohesion and undermines community relations across the country.
Balancing Free Expression and Protection
Objectors to the definition argue that it might restrict legitimate freedom of expression, including the right to criticise and mock Islam, and raise concerns about cultural practices. Some fear it could be weaponised by Islamist extremists. However, Grieve asserts that anyone reading the definition will see it is designed to avoid such outcomes.
The working group and government have been intent on ensuring that the definition does not close down debate. It is not a new law but a tool to identify problems, with explanatory notes clarifying that vigorous discussions on religion and culture, essential for a free society, will remain protected.
Why 'Islamophobia' Was Dropped
Grieve explained that while 'Islamophobia' has validity in academic contexts and is synonymous with anti-Muslim hostility for many Muslims, its ordinary meaning implies an irrational fear of a religion. No religion, like any political belief, is entitled to protection from criticism, and what constitutes rational or irrational fear must be open to debate.
The use of 'Islamophobia' has raised concerns about preventing criticism of Islam and potentially creating a new blasphemy law. As a former MP who supported repealing blasphemy laws, Grieve stressed that he and the working group had no intention of resurrecting such measures for any faith.
Addressing Racism and Implementation
Another issue considered was whether anti-Muslim hostility constitutes racism. Islam is a universal belief system with followers from diverse races and nations. While hostility often includes racist elements based on ethnicity and culture, and vilifiers may treat Muslims as a racial group to marginalise them, it is not an accurate description for religious hostility, so the definition avoids this label.
Grieve acknowledged that a definition alone does not solve the problem but provides focus for tackling issues. He cited the existing definition of anti-semitism as a pragmatic model that has served a similar purpose. The government has also announced additional measures to improve social cohesion, which Grieve believes are crucial for implementation.
He expressed confidence that these combined efforts can contribute to the common good in the UK, fostering a more inclusive and respectful society.
