More than 41,000 people crossed the English Channel in small boats last year, according to Home Office figures described as 'shameful'. The total of 41,472 arrivals in 2025 is the second highest on record, behind 45,774 in 2022, and 13% higher than the 2024 figure.
The government, which had promised to 'smash the gangs' during the 2024 election campaign, negotiated a returns deal with France. A Home Office spokesperson said the numbers were 'shameful and the British people deserve better', but added that the government is taking action, including removing almost 50,000 people who were here illegally.
Critics, however, have been scathing. Nigel Farage, leader of Reform UK, called the government's plans 'a complete disaster' and 'a farce'. The Conservative shadow home secretary, Chris Philp, argued that leaving the European Convention on Human Rights was the only way to reduce crossings, claiming Labour had made only 'cosmetic tweaks'.
The government is relying on new powers under the Border Security, Asylum and Immigration Act, which became law in December, to tackle people-smuggling gangs. Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood also announced plans to make refugee status temporary and extend the wait for permanent settlement to 20 years.
Enver Solomon, chief executive of the Refugee Council, said most people crossing are fleeing oppression or civil war, and that plans to punish refugees are unfair and ineffective as a deterrent.
