Fears of a third world war have escalated after a joint US-Israeli operation aimed at stopping Iran's nuclear programme, leading to concerns that Europeans could be caught up in the conflict. Iran has launched attacks on neighbouring nations, including the United Arab Emirates, leaving hundreds of Britons and other Europeans stranded abroad, with some advised to board up windows to protect against explosions.
Switzerland, the ultimate neutral nation, has not officially been involved in a global conflict for over 200 years. Despite controversies during World War II, when it traded with Nazi Germany and turned away Jewish refugees, its 'eternal neutrality' makes it an unlikely combatant in any future world war.
Ireland's neutrality dates back more than 85 years, having refused to participate in World War II and later staying out of NATO. As a non-member of the alliance, which would likely be a major force in any global conflict, Ireland is not expected to become a target.
Austria has maintained constitutionally mandated neutrality since 1955 and is not a NATO member. While it is protected by the Alps to the southwest, it borders Ukraine, a potential flashpoint with Russia. Denmark, a NATO member, is considered relatively safe due to its strong, cohesive society and 20,000 highly trained troops. Its control of Greenland could be strategically important.
Portugal, a NATO founding member, is geographically isolated on Europe's western edge, making it an unlikely target. It also controls the Azores, a remote island chain that could serve as an evacuation point.
