Europe is “sleepwalking” into a series of economic and national security problems due to an over-reliance on Chinese green technology, according to experts. A report co-authored by Michael Collins, a former deputy head of national security strategy at the UK Cabinet Office, describes the risks as “serious”.
Dependency on Chinese Green Tech
The report highlights that Europe is heavily dependent on Chinese green technology. China supplies 98% of the continent’s solar panels, 88% of lithium-ion battery imports used in smartphones, electric vehicles (EVs), and large-scale energy storage, and 61% of inverter imports that integrate renewable energy with power grids. Chinese EV brands are also gaining popularity across Europe.
Potential Threats
Potential threats include China using “kill switches” to remotely disable solar panels, EVs, or power grids. However, the report notes that such an attack is “very unlikely” unless China is at war or near conflict, given the risk of retaliation. It states: “The national security risks of dependency on China for low-carbon technology are not the same as dependency on fossil fuel imports – but they are serious. It is striking how poorly recognised the risks and their impact appear to be.”
Surveillance and Supply Chain Risks
The report claims it is “very likely” that China uses green tech for surveillance, such as tracking submarine movements via offshore energy infrastructure or capturing audio and video through EVs. Supply chain disruption, where China restricts low-carbon tech and components deliberately or due to unforeseen events like extreme weather, is described as “likely”. Long-term economic harm from China dependence is deemed “very likely”, eroding Europe’s industrial competitiveness, as shown by Chinese dominance in solar, EVs, and batteries.
“Where the west once led, China now dominates,” the report says.
Impact on European Industries
Several European industries could be affected, including car manufacturing, wind tech, and AI development. The defence sector, relying on similar components and manufacturing techniques as green tech, could become more dependent on China. As China’s importance to Europe’s energy systems grows, it could influence Europe’s ability to stand up to China during disagreements. “Europe does not want to be forced to choose between condemning and opposing Chinese activity in the South China Sea, or keeping their energy transition on track,” the report adds.
The relationship with the US could also be problematic, as Washington might demand removal of Chinese suppliers or components.
