Sophisticated and deadly 'brain weapons' that can alter human consciousness, perception, memory or behaviour are no longer confined to science fiction, according to two British academics. Michael Crowley and Malcolm Dando of the University of Bradford have published a book warning that advances in neuroscience, pharmacology and artificial intelligence are converging to create a new frontier in warfare.
The academics argue that the ability to create targeted weapons capable of sedating, confusing or coercing individuals has become more precise and accessible. They highlight historical state-sponsored research into central nervous system (CNS)-acting chemicals by the US, Soviet Union and China during the Cold War, with the only large-scale use being the 2002 Moscow theatre siege, where Russian forces used fentanyl derivatives, resulting in over 120 deaths.
Current international arms control treaties have gaps that prevent effective oversight, the authors say. They are travelling to The Hague this weekend for the 30th session of the Conference of the States Parties overseeing the Chemical Weapons Convention, where they will advocate for a new 'holistic arms control' framework. Proposed measures include a working group on CNS-acting agents, improved monitoring and clearer definitions.
Dando and Crowley stress they are not seeking to hinder scientific progress but to prevent malign use. 'This is a wake-up call,' said Crowley. 'We must act now to protect the integrity of science and the sanctity of the human mind.'
