The concept of a European Union army has long been debated, yet tangible progress remains elusive. Despite growing geopolitical threats, member states continue to prioritise national interests over collective defence, leaving the EU's military ambitions in limbo.
Divisions Over Defence
While some nations push for greater integration, others remain wary of ceding sovereignty. France and Germany, often seen as the driving forces behind EU defence cooperation, have clashed over strategic direction and resource allocation. Smaller states, meanwhile, fear being sidelined in decision-making.
NATO's Shadow Looms Large
The enduring strength of NATO complicates matters further. Many eastern European members view the transatlantic alliance as their primary security guarantor, reducing enthusiasm for parallel EU structures. This creates a fundamental tension between European strategic autonomy and Atlanticist loyalty.
Bureaucratic Hurdles
Even when political will exists, bureaucratic inertia slows progress. Duplication of capabilities, incompatible equipment standards, and conflicting procurement policies undermine efficiency. The recent establishment of the European Defence Fund marks progress, but implementation remains patchy.
The Leadership Vacuum
Perhaps most critically, the EU lacks a unifying figure capable of bridging these divides. Without strong, visionary leadership, the dream of a truly integrated European defence capability will remain just that - a dream.
