Scientists have uncovered a direct link between a common component of the modern diet and the aggressive growth of lung cancer tumours, in a discovery that could reshape prevention strategies.
The 'Giant Lollipop' Fueling Tumour Growth
New research published in the journal Nature Metabolism has identified glycogen, a molecule that stores glucose (a form of sugar), as a critical fuel source for lung cancer. American researchers, led by Professor Ramon Sun from the University of Florida, described glycogen as a "giant lollipop for cancer's sweet tooth." Their work shows a clear correlation: the higher the glycogen levels found within cancer cells, the larger and more severe the tumour growth becomes.
The connection was demonstrated through experiments where mice fed a high-fat, high-fructose "Western diet" – mimicking the intake of processed foods and sugary drinks – experienced increased lung tumour growth. Conversely, when glycogen levels were reduced, the progression of the cancer slowed.
Rethinking Lung Cancer as a Dietary Disease
Professor Sun emphasised that the impact of diet on lung cancer is an underexplored area. "Lung cancer has not traditionally been thought of as a dietary-related disease," he stated. "Diseases like pancreatic cancer or liver cancer, yes. However, when it comes to lung cancer, the idea that diet could play a role is rarely discussed."
The study found that glycogen serves as an "exceptionally good predictor" of both tumour growth and patient mortality in lung cancer cases. This groundbreaking insight emerged from decades of prior research into Lafora disease, a rare neurological condition, conducted by Prof. Sun and his colleague, Professor Matthew Gentry.
A New Front for Prevention and Treatment
The researchers argue that these findings should trigger a public health response similar to historic anti-smoking campaigns. "In the long term, our approach to cancer prevention should mirror the success of the anti-smoking campaign," Prof. Sun advised, advocating for greater awareness and policies that promote healthier eating as a core prevention tactic.
An encouraging secondary finding is that existing treatments could be repurposed. Prof. Gentry noted that three different types of medication, originally developed for Lafora disease, already exist which can influence glycogen levels, opening a potential new avenue for therapeutic intervention.
Ultimately, the study reinforces fundamental health advice with new, urgent context for lung cancer. "Prioritising a nutrient-rich diet, maintaining an active lifestyle and minimising alcohol intake are foundational strategies for long-term health," concluded Prof. Gentry. "Fostering better dietary habits can be a powerful tool in lung cancer prevention."
