NHS Updates Guidance on Ibuprofen Use Amid Stomach Pain Concerns
The National Health Service has issued updated advice regarding the use of ibuprofen, specifically warning that this common painkiller can actually cause stomach pain and other serious side effects in certain individuals. This guidance comes as part of broader efforts to improve medication safety across the United Kingdom.
Understanding Ibuprofen and Its Potential Risks
Ibuprofen belongs to a class of medications known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are widely used to treat various types of pain including headaches, migraines, joint and muscle discomfort, toothaches, and menstrual cramps. The medication can also help reduce fever in patients with elevated temperatures.
However, the NHS emphasizes that ibuprofen carries more potential side effects than paracetamol, with stomach pain being a particularly concerning symptom that may develop in some users. Medical professionals now recommend trying paracetamol first for pain relief before considering ibuprofen, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions.
Three Critical Side Effects Requiring Immediate Attention
The NHS cautions that while not everyone experiences adverse effects from ibuprofen, there are three serious side effects that warrant immediate medical consultation:
- Stomach ulcers or internal bleeding - Symptoms may include abdominal pain, shortness of breath, pale skin, vomiting blood, or black, tarry stools.
- Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) - Indicators include swelling of the throat or tongue, raised itchy rashes, or breathing difficulties.
- Kidney problems - Warning signs encompass shortness of breath, blood in urine, or swelling in ankles, feet, or hands.
The NHS advises contacting NHS 111 immediately if any of these symptoms appear, or calling 999 in emergency situations where breathing becomes compromised or severe pain develops rapidly.
Common Side Effects and Usage Guidelines
Beyond the serious complications, ibuprofen can cause several more common side effects including indigestion, stomach aches, nausea, vomiting, headaches, rashes, dizziness, diarrhea, or constipation. The NHS notes these represent only a partial list, with patients encouraged to review the complete information in medication leaflets or consult the electronic medicines compendium website.
Regarding usage duration, the NHS provides clear parameters: adults should not take ibuprofen tablets or capsules for more than ten days without medical supervision. For other formulations like liquids or granules, patients must carefully check packaging instructions regarding duration and potential interactions with other medications.
Who Should Avoid Ibuprofen?
While most adults can safely use ibuprofen, certain individuals should exercise caution or avoid it entirely. The medication may not be suitable for people who:
- Have experienced allergic reactions to ibuprofen, aspirin, or other NSAIDs
- Have current or previous stomach ulcers
- Suffer from asthma or allergies including hay fever
- Have chickenpox or certain heart, liver, or kidney conditions
- Experience blood clotting problems or have had a stroke
- Are pregnant or attempting to conceive
The NHS recommends always taking the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary duration to minimize side effect risks. Patients should consult their general practitioner if pain worsens or fails to improve, and always seek medical advice before starting new medications or when health concerns arise.
