A new report has identified 10 factors that could heighten the risk of developing dementia. Published by the American Heart Association (AHA), the statement outlines elements that negatively affect brain health. Nearly one million people in the UK are currently living with dementia, most commonly in those over 65, with symptoms including memory loss, behavioural changes, and speech difficulties.
The 10 Risk Factors
According to the AHA report, the following factors are linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline:
- Early life infections
- Adverse childhood experiences
- Socioeconomic factors
- Chronic medical conditions
- Stress
- Anxiety and depression
- Pollution and environmental exposures
- Chronic inflammation
- Disruption of the gut microbiome (dysbiosis)
- Poor sleep quality
As reported by Medical News Today, these factors can impact the body in numerous ways, subsequently affecting brain health. Researchers are urging governments to introduce policies addressing issues like air pollution and promoting routine vaccination programmes to prevent infections that harm brain health.
Expert Commentary
Dr. Dung Trinh from MemorialCare Medical Group and Chief Medical Officer of the Healthy Brain Clinic commented: "The main takeaway is that brain health is not determined only by age or genetics. It is shaped across the entire lifespan by a combination of physical health, mental health, sleep, lifestyle, social support, environment, and access to care."
Melinda Patterson, assistant professor of neurology at the University of Rochester Medicine, added: "Many of the habits we think of as 'heart healthy' turn out to be 'brain healthy' too. Brain health is shaped across our entire lives, not just in old age. No matter what stage of life you are in, there are steps you can take to lower your risk of stroke and cognitive decline."
Supporting Research
These findings align with a landmark 2024 report from The Lancet, which suggested that approximately 45% of all dementia cases could be prevented through lifestyle changes. That study identified 14 risk factors: less education, hearing loss, hypertension, smoking, obesity, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, traumatic brain injury, air pollution, social isolation, untreated vision loss, and high cholesterol.
If you or someone you know shows signs of dementia, consult a GP.
