Craco, an abandoned ghost town perched on a 1,300-foot cliff in the southern Italian region of Basilicata, was once home to around 2,500 people before a series of natural disasters forced residents to flee. The settlement, located above the Cavone River valley and about an hour's drive from Matera, has become one of Italy's best-known ghost towns.
Population Decline and Emigration
At its peak, approximately 2,500 people lived in Craco. However, by the early 1960s, the population had fallen to about 1,800. Many residents had already left in search of work elsewhere, with more than 1,300 people emigrating to North America between 1892 and 1922.
Landslide and Earthquakes
The town's problems worsened dramatically in 1963 when a large landslide forced people from their homes. Although the oldest part of Craco was built on solid rock, newer buildings had spread onto surrounding clay slopes. Leaks from a modern water system are believed to have saturated the ground and contributed to the landslide.
Following the landslide, many residents were relocated to a new settlement called Craco Peschiera in the valley below. However, some people remained until further disasters struck. A flood hit the area in 1972, and the devastating Irpinia earthquake in 1980 eventually forced the last remaining residents to leave.
Historical Landmarks and Film Location
Before its abandonment, Craco was a vibrant community. A university was established there in 1276, and the town later became home to churches, monasteries, and grand family homes. Many of those buildings still stand today. Notable landmarks include the Norman watchtower, dating back to the 11th century, and the Mother Church of San Nicola.
The town has also become popular with film producers. Scenes from Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ were filmed there, and the James Bond film Quantum of Solace also used the location.
Visiting Craco Today
Visitors can still explore Craco today, but they cannot wander around freely. For safety reasons, entry is only allowed through organized guided tours. Tourists must purchase a Craco Card before entering and are required to wear a hard hat while walking around the abandoned town.
