With the UK set for a heatwave and temperatures soaring above 30C, understanding sun protection is crucial. Here is everything you need to know about UVA and UVB rays, SPF ratings, and how to choose the right sunscreen to stay safe.
What Are UVA and UVB Rays?
The sun emits two types of ultraviolet rays: UVA and UVB. UVA rays are powerful and can penetrate clouds and glass, reaching deep into the skin. They cause long-term damage such as wrinkles, sunspots, and skin cancer. UVB rays are primarily responsible for sunburn and skin reddening, and they also contribute to skin cancer development.
Understanding SPF
SPF stands for "sun protection factor" and measures protection against UVB rays. For instance, if you typically burn after 10 minutes, SPF 15 theoretically protects you 15 times longer. However, this is a theoretical figure; in practice, protection diminishes over time due to perspiration, movement, and friction from clothing. Reapply sunscreen every two hours regardless of SPF.
Choosing the Right Sunscreen
The NHS recommends using sunscreen with at least SPF 30 and a minimum four-star UVA protection rating. Look for the "UVA" logo in a circle, indicating EU standards compliance. Sunscreen alone is not enough; seek shade during peak sun hours, wear sunglasses, and use a wide-brimmed hat to protect your face and neck.
