Research suggests that a common type of medication used to treat high blood pressure could also help lower the risk of developing dementia. Scientists believe that keeping blood pressure under control may play an important role in protecting the brain, particularly against vascular dementia, the second most common form of the condition after Alzheimer's disease.
Understanding Vascular Dementia
Vascular dementia is thought to account for around 20 to 30% of dementia cases, although researchers believe its impact could be underestimated. Unlike Alzheimer's, which has long been linked to a build-up of proteins in the brain, vascular dementia is caused by problems with the blood vessels supplying the brain. These vessels can become damaged, stiff or leaky over time, reducing the flow of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells. Eventually, this can lead to memory problems, confusion and other symptoms associated with dementia.
Research Findings on Blood Pressure Medication
Researchers say some treatments already used for other health conditions could help reduce the risk. One of the simplest ways to protect the brain's blood vessels is by controlling high blood pressure. Research published last year found that blood pressure medication could reduce the number of people developing dementia.
Dr Richard Oakley, associate director of research and innovation at Alzheimer's Society, said: "We've long known that what's good for your heart is good for your head."
Connection Between Alzheimer's and Vascular Dementia
Experts also believe Alzheimer's and vascular dementia may be more closely connected than previously thought. Professor Adam Greenstein, a clinician scientist at the University of Manchester, explained that problems with blood vessels can make it harder for the brain to clear harmful proteins. He said: "So, this condition we call Alzheimer's, which everybody has always talked about as being a neurodegenerative condition, is also to a large degree, a [blood vessel] illness."
Meanwhile, researchers are investigating whether two existing medicines used to improve blood flow in people with chest or leg pain could also help treat vascular dementia. Professor Joanna Wardlaw, head of neuroimaging at the University of Edinburgh, suggested future dementia treatments could involve several medicines targeting different causes.
However, blood pressure medication is not a guaranteed way to prevent dementia, and people should not start or stop taking prescribed medicines without speaking to a healthcare professional.
