The UK Health Security Agency has released its annual STI data, revealing overall positive news for sexually active people in England. New STI diagnoses decreased by 8.3% in 2025. However, one infection saw a rise: first episode genital herpes diagnoses increased from 27,914 cases in 2024 to 28,779 in 2025, a 3.1% uptick.
What Is Genital Herpes?
Genital herpes is a common viral STI caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It spreads through skin-to-skin contact with infected areas, typically during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. The first outbreak is usually the most severe, causing small blisters that burst into red, open sores on the genitals, anus, thighs, or bottom. Other symptoms include burning, tingling, or itching sensations, pain during urination, unusual discharge, and flu-like symptoms. Some people experience mild symptoms and may not realize they are infected.
How Is Genital Herpes Spread?
Dr. Clair Granger from Superdrug Online Doctor clarifies common misconceptions: “The virus does not survive well outside the body and is not spread through toilet seats, towels, cutlery, or swimming pools. Transmission can occur via contaminated sex toys, but usually happens through direct skin-to-skin contact.” Importantly, the virus can spread even without visible symptoms through asymptomatic shedding. “People often assume herpes is only contagious during an outbreak, but the virus can be passed on even when no sores are present,” she explains. Those with cold sores (HSV-1) can also transmit the virus through oral sex. Dr. Clair notes that HSV-1 genital infections have become increasingly common, especially among younger adults.
Why Are Cases Rising?
Dr. Clair attributes the increase to low awareness about transmission via oral sex. “Many people do not think to use protection during oral sex in the same way they would during penetrative sex,” she says.
The Virus Can Remain Dormant for Years
Infection may not cause symptoms immediately. Some people develop symptoms days later, while others may not notice anything for months or years. Outbreaks can be triggered by stress, poor sleep, illness, hormonal changes, or prolonged sun exposure.
How Is Genital Herpes Treated?
There is no cure, but antiviral medication can shorten outbreaks, ease symptoms, and reduce transmission risk. “Many people live normal, healthy lives with herpes and experience long periods without symptoms,” says Dr. Clair.
How to Reduce Risk
Condoms reduce STI risk but cannot fully prevent herpes because the virus spreads via skin-to-skin contact from areas not covered by a condom. Recent Superdrug Online Doctor research shows 86% of single Brits don’t always use condoms, and over 30% never use them. Dr. Clair emphasizes: “Regular testing and open dialogue with sexual partners should be a priority.”
