Seven Essential Dos and Don'ts When Spotting a Stroke: Expert Guidelines
When someone is experiencing a stroke, every moment is critical, with rapid intervention potentially determining the outcome between full recovery, permanent disability, or survival. In anticipation of Stroke Awareness Month in May, health professionals have established clear guidelines on how to assist in such high-pressure scenarios, highlighting what actions to prioritize and what to avoid. Here are their seven key dos and don'ts to remember when you observe someone having a stroke.
1. Do Use the FAST Acronym
The FAST test is a vital tool for identifying stroke signs quickly. Emily Heard, public affairs and campaigns manager at the Stroke Association, explains, "The main thing to remember is the FAST test, which stands for face, arms, speech, and time. It's a simple, easy-to-remember method to help people swiftly recognize common stroke indicators." Dr. Naila Aslam, a GP at Central Health London, concurs and recommends specific actions if you suspect a stroke. "If you're uncertain about facial asymmetry, ask them to smile," advises Aslam. "This engages facial muscles, making any asymmetry more apparent. It also helps assess cognition, as stroke victims may become confused or disoriented." She further suggests asking the person to raise their arms briefly. "A stroke typically affects one side of the body, so difficulty or asymmetry could signal a stroke. For speech, inquire, 'Do you understand me?' If responses are slurred, call 999 immediately."
2. Do Act Fast and Call 999
Time is of the essence in stroke emergencies. Heard emphasizes, "If you're concerned, call 999 as soon as possible because with a stroke, 'time is brain.' You don't need to wait for all three FAST signs to appear; any single sign warrants an immediate emergency call." She adds, "For every minute a stroke goes untreated, up to two million brain cells can die. Effective treatments like thrombolysis and thrombectomy are far more successful when administered quickly."
3. Do Try to Stay Calm and Note Time of Onset
Maintaining composure can significantly aid the response. Aslam notes, "The most important steps are to stay calm, ring 999, and describe the situation—though this is easier said than done. Providing the time symptoms began is incredibly useful, as it helps paramedics act swiftly and decide on treatments, such as thrombolysis, which must be administered within four and a half hours, and determine the appropriate medical unit."
4. Do Try to Keep Them in a Comfortable, Upright Position
Proper positioning can prevent complications. Aslam advises, "Stay with the patient and monitor any deterioration to relay information to paramedics. Keep them safe and comfortable, ideally in an upright position with their head elevated to avoid slumping. Additionally, try to keep them awake to maintain consciousness."
5. Don't Give Them Any Food, Drink, or Medication
Avoiding ingestion is crucial to prevent choking risks. Aslam warns, "Do not offer any food or drink, as stroke patients often have swallowing difficulties, leading to choking or aspiration, where substances enter the wrong pathway. It's also essential not to administer any medications, particularly aspirin, before a paramedic assessment, as this could worsen the situation."
6. Don't Delay and Wait for Symptoms to Pass
Even transient symptoms require urgent attention. Heard stresses, "Stroke symptoms might appear and then fade, but it's critical not to wait and see if they resolve. Even if symptoms seem to subside and the person feels better, getting them assessed urgently is still necessary to prevent potential complications."
7. Don't Drive Them to Hospital Yourself
Professional transport is essential for safety. Aslam explains, "Do not attempt to drive the patient yourself, as they may deteriorate en route, making it difficult to remove them from the vehicle. They require paramedics and professional support to ensure they are taken to the correct medical unit, so always call 999 for assistance."
For more information on stroke prevention, risk reduction, and recognizing signs in loved ones, visit stroke.org.uk. Those affected by stroke can contact the Stroke Support helpline at 0303 3033 100 for guidance and support.
