Following a dementia diagnosis, actively managing known risk factors becomes critically important as these elements can significantly exacerbate the progression of the disease, according to Professor Adam Greenstein, a distinguished medicine expert at the University of Manchester.
The Critical Role of Brain Blood Flow
A substantial reduction in cerebral blood circulation represents one of the primary underlying causes of various dementia forms, including Alzheimer's disease, which maintains a well-established connection with hypertension. Consequently, tackling any factors that might contribute to diminished blood flow to the brain is absolutely essential for effective management.
Lifestyle Modifications for Vascular Health
Neurologist Dr Lucio D'Anna emphasises the importance of specific lifestyle adjustments for individuals living with dementia. 'Adhering to the Government's recommended alcohol limit of 14 units weekly and completely ceasing tobacco use are vital steps,' he states. 'Both alcohol and smoking have been shown to intensify vascular damage within the brain and can markedly accelerate the rate of cognitive deterioration.'
Prioritising Physical and Mental Wellbeing
Dr D'Anna further highlights that maintaining both physical and mental fitness holds equal significance in dementia care strategies. 'Consistent physical exercise enhances blood circulation to the brain and assists in managing high blood pressure, a known accelerator of cognitive decline,' he explains. 'Individuals should strive to incorporate some form of daily physical activity tailored to their personal capabilities and safety considerations, such as a brisk twenty-minute walk.'
The Power of Mental Stimulation
Engaging the mind through challenging activities forms another cornerstone of dementia management. Tim Beanland, Head of Knowledge and Learning at the Alzheimer's Society, notes: 'The central principle here is that the activity must provide a genuine challenge for the patient, which frequently involves exploring novel pursuits.'
He elaborates: 'This mental engagement doesn't necessarily mean traditional puzzles like crosswords or Sudoku. Beneficial alternatives can include gardening, acquiring a new language or dance routine, participating in a book club, or learning to play a musical instrument like the piano.' Beanland adds a crucial analogy: 'Whatever cognitive challenge is selected, ensure it remains fresh and unfamiliar. Similar to physical training at a gym, continuing to lift identical weights will eventually see the benefits diminish.'
Nutritional Considerations in Dementia Care
Dietary habits also play a pivotal role in supporting brain health. A diet abundant in fibre is strongly recommended, with the NHS advising an intake of 30 grams daily. Excellent sources of dietary fibre include legumes, various fruits, and whole grain products.
Rachael Masters, a registered dietitian and founder of Focus on Undernutrition, explains that adequate fluid intake is equally important, as it helps prevent constipation. She provides specific guidance: 'For individuals over sixty-five, the target should be approximately 30 millilitres per kilogram of body weight. For example, a person weighing 50 kilograms would aim for around one and a half litres of fluid daily.'
Masters also addresses changing taste preferences, noting that many people with dementia develop a stronger inclination for sweeter foods. She suggests: 'Incorporating these with higher-fat options can help provide additional necessary calories. Furthermore, finger foods can prove particularly helpful for individuals who remain active and may not sit comfortably at a traditional dinner table.'
Personalised Symptom Management
It is vital to remember that dementia manifests uniquely in every individual. Healthcare professionals often recommend using a personal symptom checklist to document experiences and concerns before discussing them with a General Practitioner. This proactive approach helps ensure all relevant information is shared during medical consultations, leading to more personalised and effective care planning.
