Understanding Hepatitis: Symptoms and Risks
Hepatitis, a condition characterised by liver inflammation, can range from mild to life-threatening. The disease, often caused by viral infections, can also result from excessive alcohol consumption, toxins, or autoimmune disorders. Recognising the early signs is crucial for timely intervention.
Common Symptoms of Hepatitis
While some forms of hepatitis present no immediate symptoms, others may cause noticeable discomfort. Key indicators include:
- Fatigue and general weakness
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Dark urine and pale stools
- Abdominal pain, particularly on the right side
- Nausea and loss of appetite
Types of Hepatitis and Their Causes
There are several types of hepatitis, each with distinct causes:
- Hepatitis A: Spread through contaminated food or water.
- Hepatitis B: Transmitted via blood or bodily fluids.
- Hepatitis C: Primarily spread through blood contact.
- Alcoholic hepatitis: Caused by excessive alcohol intake.
- Autoimmune hepatitis: Where the immune system attacks the liver.
Treatment Options and Prevention
Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of hepatitis. While some cases resolve on their own, others require medical intervention.
Medical Treatments
For viral hepatitis, antiviral medications may be prescribed. In severe cases, liver transplantation might be necessary. Autoimmune hepatitis often responds well to immunosuppressants.
Preventive Measures
Vaccinations are available for hepatitis A and B. Practising good hygiene, avoiding contaminated food and water, and using protection during sexual activity can significantly reduce infection risks.
When to Consult a Doctor
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience persistent symptoms like jaundice, severe abdominal pain, or unexplained fatigue. Early diagnosis can prevent complications such as cirrhosis or liver failure.
