Five highly endangered secretarybird chicks have hatched at Chester Zoo, marking the first successful breeding of the species in the zoo's 95-year history. Conservationists are hailing the arrival as a “major breakthrough” that could help secure the future of one of Africa's rarest birds of prey.
Rare arrival at Chester Zoo
The chicks were born to parents John and Jolene, who arrived at Chester Zoo as part of coordinated international efforts to safeguard the species. Chester Zoo is one of only a handful of UK zoos caring for secretarybirds, and across the entire European conservation breeding programme there are just 79 birds. Only three other chicks have hatched elsewhere in the past 12 months.
Experts hope the breeding techniques developed at Chester Zoo could now help other conservation zoos improve breeding success across Europe.
The 'archer of snakes'
Secretarybirds are among the world's most unusual birds of prey. Unlike eagles and hawks, they can hunt on foot, striding across African grasslands on long, thin legs in search of prey. Their scientific name, Sagittarius serpentarius — meaning “the archer of snakes” — reflects their remarkable ability to hunt and kill venomous snakes by stomping on them.
Behind the breeding success
Jamie Cartwright-Stock, a bird keeper behind the breeding success, said: “This is the first time secretarybirds have ever bred at Chester Zoo in our 95-year history. Seeing five healthy chicks hatch in such a short space of time is an incredible achievement for everyone involved.”
“Since John and Jolene arrived at the zoo only a few years ago, we’ve spent a considerable amount of time learning everything we can about their courtship behaviours, breeding biology and exactly what conditions they need to reproduce successfully. We've refined every aspect of their care in a special behind-the-scenes breeding facility at the zoo to reach this point - it really feels like we've reached a major breakthrough.”
“We still have so much to learn though, particularly about how secretarybirds are reared and how the youngsters develop. Given how precious those first chicks were, we decided to hand-rear them and document every stage of their development, recording everything we learned so it can now be shared with other conservation zoos and strengthen the breeding programme globally. Since then, John and Jolene have gone on to hatch and successfully rear three more chicks themselves.”
Population decline and conservation efforts
In recent decades, secretarybird numbers have declined dramatically as vast areas of Africa's grasslands have been lost to agriculture and urban development, reducing both their habitat and the prey they rely on to survive. Today, it’s estimated that as few as 6,700 birds remain in the wild.
As numbers continued to plummet, the species was uplisted in 2020 to the ‘endangered’ status on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List — the second highest category of conservation concern before extinction in the wild.
Leading role in conservation
Andrew Owen, Head of Birds at Chester Zoo, added: “Every chick hatched in conservation zoos is becoming increasingly important for the future of this remarkable species. With five new chicks, we’re playing a leading role in the conservation of these incredible birds.”
“Secretarybirds have disappeared from parts of Africa where they were once common, making breeding successes like this more important than ever. By monitoring and sharing everything we learn about these chicks, we can help improve breeding success across the entire safety-net population in zoos. Combined with efforts to protect habitats in the wild, that gives threatened species like the secretarybird the best possible chance of long-term survival.”
The breeding breakthrough comes just a year after Chester Zoo opened its Heart of Africa zone, the largest zoo habitat in the UK, which is home to more than 50 threatened African species and supports the zoo's wider conservation work to protect wildlife across the continent.
