The UK has recorded its hottest day of the year so far, with a provisional temperature of 38.1C in southern England, as Europe sweltered under a major heat dome. The thermometer at Kew Gardens in west London surpassed the previous high of 38C set on 28 June, according to the Met Office.
Europe swelters under heat dome
On the continent, temperatures approached 40C at the peak of the summer's fifth heatwave. In France, which has recorded 17 days of extreme heat – one of its longest periods ever – Bordeaux and Nantes recorded 38C, Paris 36C, and Montpellier 34C. Temperatures were expected to hit 40C in Spain and 41C in France later on Thursday, triggering fresh fears of wildfires in both countries.
In the UK, Charlwood in Surrey recorded 37.1C, the second highest August maximum temperature since 2003. Teddington in London reached 36.1C, Pershore College in Worcestershire hit 36C, and temperatures in Wales reached 35C, according to provisional Met Office figures.
Warnings and impacts
An amber extreme weather warning was issued for Thursday across east and south-east England, including London, the Midlands, north-west England, south-west England, and parts of Yorkshire and Humber. An extreme heat alert warning of significant impacts to health and social care services across the whole of England is in place until 9pm on Friday.
The Met Office has said this summer is on course to be the UK's hottest since records began, with 2026 likely to be the first year in which the country has recorded four separate days with temperatures of 36C or above.
Wildfires and drought
Spain has broken its burned area record for this time of year, data published by the European forest fire information system on Thursday shows. In France, the area burned by the third week of July already surpassed that of any full year on record. Fire weather in the EU since the start of the year has been more severe than ever before, exacerbated by unusually dry conditions as heatwaves sap moisture from plants.
Firefighters in the UK continued to tackle a blaze in the New Forest in Hampshire, with warnings across parts of eastern and southern Scotland about a very high risk of wildfires. With record dry conditions in July and a dry start to August, nearly three-quarters of England and the whole of Wales are in drought, heaping pressure on water resources for households, agriculture and the environment.
Energy and health effects
Record-low water flows on the Danube have deprived thermal power plants of cooling water and forced some to curb output as electricity demand for cooling grows. Romania stopped the second of two reactors in its only nuclear power plant, which supplies about a fifth of the country's electricity, on Thursday. The plant's director told Agence France-Presse he did not foresee a restart within the next 10 days.
In neighbouring Hungary, engineers have resorted to laying stones to boost the water level of the Danube by the Paks nuclear power plant, which avoided a full shutdown in July but is only producing 25% of its usual output, up from 10% earlier this month. The prime minister, Péter Magyar, said work was proceeding at a “rapid pace” on Thursday.
The human-driven climate crisis, primarily the result of burning fossil fuels, releases greenhouse gases that trap heat, raising temperatures. The extra heat alters the planet's water cycle and energy balance, making extreme events such as heatwaves, heavy downpours and severe drought significantly more frequent and intense.
People in the UK and Europe have felt the effects of extreme heat throughout the summer. Julia King, the peer who chairs the adaptation work of the Climate Change Committee, an independent advisory body to the UK government, has said extreme weather “gets worse from here” until net zero is reached.
Doctors consider heat a “silent killer” because it greatly increases mortality rates while only occasionally being listed as the direct cause of death. In Germany, where meteorologists have issued heat warnings for a wide swathe of the west of the country for Friday, public health officials estimated that 12,500 people have died as a result of heat so far this summer. More than 9,000 of the deaths took place in a severely hot week in late June, when a national temperature record of 41.7C was set in eastern Brandenburg.
NHS staff working in A&E departments across England have experienced their busiest summer ever, health leaders said. The Royal College of Nursing said its members were working in inhumane conditions, “dripping with sweat from head to toe” during the record-breaking heat. The RCN became the latest union to warn of unsafe working conditions for many members in hospital wards and care homes as the number of days of 30C-plus heat in the UK reached a record of 35.
Extreme heat has driven a surge in attendance at A&E departments over the summer, with more than 2.4 million patients attending each month in May, June and July – the three highest monthly totals ever recorded.
The water industry regulator, Ofwat, said it would allow water companies in England and Wales to increase bills to spend £3.4bn more than planned to meet supply demands, including for the building of new homes and datacentres. The Guardian has reported how Labour's target of building 1.5m homes by the end of this parliament has come up against the reality of water scarcity across many of the areas where most development is planned.
