Scientists have proposed that gradually reducing the global human population by half over the next 200 years could make the planet more sustainable by curbing excessive consumption. The idea, reminiscent of the plot in the Marvel film Avengers: Infinity War, is detailed in a new study published in the journal Sustainable Development.
The researchers point out that humanity's use of Earth's resources is driving biodiversity loss, climate change, and pollution, all of which are closely linked to population size. Currently, the global population stands at 8.3 billion, growing at about 0.85 per cent per year. People in high-income nations consume roughly 13 times more energy per capita than those in low-income nations.
The study argues that gently reversing population growth, rather than the instant decimation seen in the film, would help protect ecosystems and reduce conflict over resources. It suggests targeting a population of 4 billion or fewer by 2200, which would lead to habitat recovery, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and a reduction in global poverty.
The authors highlight the Indian state of Kerala as an example, where limiting population growth through education, female empowerment, and voluntary family planning transformed it from one of the poorest to one of the most prosperous regions. They conclude that a more modest population is within reach and would safeguard Earth's natural heritage.
