Donald Trump's Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is planning a detention facility for children and their families on one of the most Pfas-contaminated sites in the United States, the former England Air Force Base, now called England Airpark in Louisiana. The site also serves as a hub for the president's deportation program.
Pfas Contamination Levels
Groundwater at England Airpark has been found to contain Pfas levels of at least 41 million parts per trillion (ppt). Federal drinking water limits for several Pfas compounds range from 4 to 10 ppt, meaning the levels are at least 575,000 times higher than the limit. Military bases are often contaminated with high quantities of Pfas, but England's groundwater has shown the highest levels ever recorded, making it among the most Pfas-polluted sites in the US.
In addition to Pfas, the site is contaminated with other highly toxic chemicals such as TCE and a range of volatile organic compounds. Officials have also raised concerns about asbestos in the barracks. Although the base likely draws its drinking water from elsewhere, the chemicals are present in the soil and air, according to public health advocates.
Health Risks for Children and Families
Jared Hayes, a senior policy analyst with the Environmental Working Group, a non-profit that tracks military pollution nationwide, highlighted the health risks for children and families staying at the site. "There shouldn't be housing at contaminated bases, and we need to be cleaning up this stuff much faster if we're going to put people in harm's way," Hayes said.
The US Department of Homeland Security stated, "We have no new detention centers to announce at this time." The US Environmental Protection Agency and ICE did not respond to requests for comment. Project officials told the Guardian in March that the lease for the site was being finalized and it could be operational within 60 to 90 days.
What Are Pfas?
Pfas are a class of at least 16,000 compounds typically used to make common products that resist water, stains, and heat. They are called "forever chemicals" because they accumulate and do not naturally break down. They are linked to cancer, kidney disease, liver problems, immune disorders, birth defects, and other serious health problems.
Pfas are a common ingredient in firefighting foam used at airports and military bases. The Department of Defense is phasing them out because the highly toxic substances have widely contaminated water and the environment around more than 770 bases nationwide.
Proposed Detention Center
ICE is proposing a children's detention center for a "first of its kind" short-term facility that officials involved have said would hold migrant families and unaccompanied children next to a runway from which they are flown out of the US. The larger England Airpark complex houses a private Geo Group detention center, which the Guardian previously investigated over a range of abuses.
The project's developers have said the facility will confine family groups and children for between three and five days inside a converted military barracks and will only house those who voluntarily choose to "self-deport." Immigrant rights groups say the "self-deport" claim is misleading, and most are in the program involuntarily. Advocates also believe it is likely they will spend much longer than five days at the centers.
Contamination Pathways
Firefighting foam was used in training exercises around the base. It traveled to the groundwater via the soil, meaning the ground is contaminated with the chemicals. The base also held burn pits the military used to incinerate munitions, trash, human waste, toxic waste, plastic, and a range of goods and chemicals. Jet fuel is typically used as an accelerant, and the pits are notorious for polluting the immediate region with a range of substances, including Pfas.
The chemicals are highly mobile and volatile, meaning they easily move through the environment, including from the ground into the air. Children are especially at risk to the chemicals' adverse health effects because their bodies are smaller. The health impacts of exposure to all chemicals used at the base simultaneously remain unclear.
"The risk for people living on site is in the dust and in the air, and we don't know what levels are in the dust, or if the kids are playing outside – these can be areas of concern," Hayes said, adding that the military is not testing soil and air at the site.
Water and Land Use Concerns
Frances Kelly, with Louisiana Advocates for Immigrants in Detention, said water is piped in from the nearby city of Alexandria. However, the city also draws from the groundwater, and it is at least publicly unclear where the Pfas plume's edge lies. Records from nearby Pineville show elevated levels of three types of Pfas compounds, though not those that are the main compounds on England Airpark.
Kelly noted that deed records show the property is restricted to industrial use and questioned why the site is being used for housing. Residential land requires stronger cleanup than industrial land.
A spokesperson with the airpark said the Pfas pollution was not on the barracks site but did not immediately respond to questions about whether the air and soil had been tested.
Cleanup Status
Hayes said federal records do not indicate that Pfas cleanup has begun, and the military remains in its remedial investigation phase, which involves mapping the Pfas plume. "It doesn't appear that they're doing the construction of cleanup, which means they're doing testing and mapping, so the plume is going to get bigger at the site," Hayes said.
Although levels of Pfas in the groundwater have dropped in recent years, they still remain astronomically high. Because the military is not actively removing the plume, the lower levels only mean that the plume is spreading out in the aquifer, so Pfas is not as concentrated around the source of the pollution.
It is unclear whether there is any legal action that can be taken, but advocates are continuing to try to stop the plan. "There's always a way to undo it," Kelly said.
