A dermatologist has shared crucial advice on the codes and symbols you should check when buying sun cream this summer. From the UVA symbol to the filter type and texture, several factors help you choose the right sunscreen for your skin type and lifestyle.
Understanding SPF and UVA protection
Nearly every sun cream bottle displays SPF (Sun Protection Factor), which indicates protection against UVB radiation — the type that causes sunburn and increases skin cancer risk. The higher the number, the greater the protection. The NHS recommends using a sunscreen with at least SPF 30.
In the UK, UVA protection is shown with a star rating out of five; a higher rating means better protection. Alternatively, some products display a UVA in a circle logo, a European mark confirming the UVA rating meets EU standards. The NHS advises a minimum four-star UVA rating or the European approval mark.
Broad spectrum and PA ratings
The phrase broad spectrum indicates protection against both UVA and UVB rays. While useful, always verify the SPF and UVA rating before purchasing.
International sunscreens, especially from Japan, may use the PA rating system (PA+, PA++, PA+++, PA++++). PA++++ offers the highest UVA protection. However, Lloyds Pharmacy notes debate over its reliability, so it is not used on UK or European products.
Expert advice on daily use
Dr Pedro Rodríguez, a dermatologist at Ruber International Hospital in Madrid, recommends SPF 30 or higher for daily use. For prolonged exposure, fair skin, blemishes, rosacea, or recently treated skin, he advises SPF 50+. He stresses that sunscreens must also provide adequate UVA protection, indicated by the UVA in a circle logo or PA+++/PA++++ ratings.
Effective photostable filters such as Tinosorb S or M, Mexoryl, or Uvinul A Plus ensure protection against short- and long-wave UVA rays, preventing sunspots and premature ageing.
Common mistakes to avoid
Dr Rodríguez highlights that the most frequent error is using an insufficient amount. An SPF 50 applied sparingly can act like SPF 10. Other mistakes include forgetting to reapply every two to three hours, relying on makeup SPF (which is not applied enough), and neglecting areas like ears, neck, lips, and hands. Proper use means applying enough, reapplying regularly, and not overexposing skin due to a false sense of security.
