A groundbreaking cancer injection that works in three ways has demonstrated the ability to eliminate entire tumours in patients, with doctors describing the trial results as unprecedented.
Unprecedented Responses in Resistant Cancers
In an international trial spanning 11 countries, the jab, known as amivantamab, was administered to patients whose cancer had spread or returned and had failed to respond to other treatments. The injection shrank tumours in more than a third of patients, with dramatic changes observed within weeks. In 15 patients, the drug completely eradicated their tumours.
Kevin Harrington, professor of biological cancer therapies at the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in London and a consultant oncologist at the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, said: "These are unprecedentedly strong responses in patients whose disease has become resistant to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This is a group of patients for whom treatment options are extremely limited, so seeing this level of benefit is very striking."
He added: "This treatment has the potential to benefit many thousands of patients each year."
Trial Details and Results
The findings are set to be presented on Sunday in Chicago at the world's largest cancer conference, the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (Asco). In the trial, 102 patients with head and neck cancer, the sixth most common cancer globally, received the jab. Tumours shrank or disappeared completely in 43 patients, including 28 whose tumours shrank significantly and 15 who saw them eradicated entirely.
Researchers noted that the injection has also shown similar promise in patients with lung cancer. Amivantamab, developed by Johnson & Johnson, is now being evaluated in approximately 60 clinical trials, primarily for lung cancer but also for colorectal, brain, and gastric cancers.
How the Smart Jab Works
The innovative jab targets cancer through three mechanisms. It blocks both EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), a protein that helps tumours grow, and MET, a pathway that cancer cells often use to escape treatment. Additionally, it helps activate the immune system to attack the tumour.
Unlike many cancer treatments, amivantamab is administered as a small injection under the skin rather than via an intravenous drip, making treatment quicker and more convenient for patients and easier to deliver in outpatient clinics. Most side-effects, experienced with the once-every-three-weeks regimen, were mild to moderate, with fewer than one in 10 patients forced to discontinue treatment.
Patient Story: Carl Walsh
One of the first patients to benefit was Carl Walsh, 56, from Birmingham, who was diagnosed with tongue cancer in May 2024 and joined the OrigAMI-4 trial at the Royal Marsden in July 2025. "I was initially treated with both chemotherapy and immunotherapy, which unfortunately were not successful," he said. "At that point, I was recommended for the OrigAMI-4 trial. I'm now on my 17th cycle of treatment and I'm very pleased with the progress so far."
Walsh added: "I now feel able to live a normal life. Before starting the trial, I struggled to speak properly and found eating difficult because of the swelling and pain. Since beginning treatment, the swelling has reduced significantly, and my pain levels have improved considerably. I'm also no longer experiencing the same life-impacting side-effects that I had during chemotherapy."
He recalled: "When things were at their worst I was eating soup, rice pudding, tins of ravioli and spaghetti and many, many omelettes, all augmented by three prescribed nutritional milk drinks a day. I lost quite a bit of weight. After only two cycles of the treatment my diet started to return to normal and I was eating a full diet after six months. The thing I enjoyed most was the first big steak. My speech is completely back to normal and at work I speak regularly on headsets without problems."
Significance for Hard-to-Treat Cancers
Researchers emphasised that the trial focused on people with head and neck cancers that did not include those with human papillomavirus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This is particularly significant since head and neck cancers not caused by HPV are usually harder to treat, making progress in this group hugely important.
Patients receiving amivantamab lived for a median of 12.5 months overall after starting treatment, despite having a form of cancer with very poor outcomes once standard treatments stop working.
Prof Kristian Helin, chief executive of the ICR, said: "This study demonstrates how the development of new treatments through rigorous cancer research may lead to meaningful advances, even for patients with very limited treatment options. Achieving this level of tumour response and encouraging survival outcomes in such a challenging-to-treat group represents a significant step forward."
