Millions of people taking ibuprofen for joint pain or arthritis have been warned that the widely available painkiller carries significant risks, particularly with long-term use. Ibuprofen, which costs pennies and is available without prescription, is one of the most commonly bought and prescribed medicines in the UK.
Anthony Paul Smith, Musculoskeletal Postgraduate Lecturer at the University of Essex, said that while ibuprofen can ease symptoms, it does not address underlying joint changes such as cartilage deterioration or bone changes. He cautioned that many people assume over-the-counter medicines are harmless, but that is not always the case.
Long-term use of ibuprofen can cause stomach irritation, increasing the risk of ulcers and internal bleeding. The risk is higher with doses of 2400mg or more per day, prolonged use, and in people over 65. Ibuprofen can also harm the kidneys by reducing blood flow, particularly in those who are dehydrated or have chronic kidney or heart disease. Cardiovascular concerns include raised blood pressure and fluid retention.
Smith also warned that some people with asthma may experience wheezing after taking ibuprofen, and that the drug can interact with blood pressure tablets, blood thinners, antidepressants, and certain diabetes medications. He emphasised that short-term use at the lowest effective dose can be helpful, but regular long-term use without consulting a doctor is concerning.
Alternatives for managing joint pain include exercise, weight management, and physiotherapy. Smith noted that strengthening muscles around painful joints can reduce pressure and improve movement. Heat therapy, supportive footwear, and anti-inflammatory gels applied to the skin may also help with fewer side effects than tablets.
