A widely prescribed diabetes drug could reduce the risk of oesophageal cancer by more than a third, according to new research. Metformin, commonly used to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes patients, was found to be associated with a significantly lower incidence of one of the deadliest cancers.
Analysing data from over 13,000 patients across Nordic countries over nearly three decades, the study published in JAMA Network Open showed that those taking metformin were less likely to develop oesophageal cancer. The effect was stronger in patients taking higher doses over longer periods.
Oesophageal cancer, which affects the food pipe, is notoriously difficult to detect early and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. It is strongly linked to obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and long-term acid reflux, with around 9,300 cases reported annually in the UK.
Researchers believe metformin may help by lowering insulin levels and blocking the growth of cancer cells. Professor Shai-Hau Xie noted: 'From a clinical perspective, the observed association between metformin use and a significantly decreased risk of oesophageal cancer suggests a possible role for this drug in cancer prevention and treatment.'
The findings open the door to using metformin as a preventative treatment, particularly for high-risk groups such as those with chronic heartburn or Barrett's oesophagus. However, scientists caution that more research and clinical trials are needed before it can be routinely prescribed for cancer prevention.
