The National Health Service has issued a crucial safety message to the millions of people across the UK who rely on common painkillers to manage osteoarthritis. With over 10 million adults and children living with arthritis, according to a 2025 Arthritis UK report, osteoarthritis remains the most prevalent form, causing painful and stiff joints.
Understanding the Risks of NSAIDs
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, are frequently prescribed by GPs or bought over the counter to reduce inflammation and ease pain. They come in various forms, including tablets, gels, and creams. Common types include ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and celecoxib.
However, the NHS emphasises that these medications are not suitable for everyone and can carry significant risks. They may not be appropriate for individuals with conditions like asthma, stomach ulcers, angina, or a history of heart attack or stroke. Those taking low-dose aspirin are advised to consult their GP before using an NSAID.
Who Should Exercise Extra Caution?
Healthcare professionals advise that you should seek advice before taking NSAIDs if you fall into certain groups. This includes people over 65, those who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or trying for a baby. The warning also extends to individuals with a history of allergic reactions to NSAIDs, stomach ulcers, or problems with the heart, liver, kidneys, or blood pressure.
It is vital not to give any medicine containing aspirin to children under 16. The NHS states that while NSAIDs might not always need to be avoided in these cases, they should only be used under professional guidance due to a higher risk of side effects.
Recognising Side Effects and Alternatives
Potential side effects range from common issues like indigestion, headaches, and drowsiness to more serious concerns such as stomach ulcers, internal bleeding, and in rare cases, complications affecting the heart, liver, or kidneys. Risks increase with higher doses, long-term use, or if you are in poorer general health.
It is also critically important to get medical advice if you are already taking other medications, including blood thinners like warfarin, certain antidepressants (SSRIs), or other drugs for conditions like bipolar disorder or rheumatoid arthritis.
If NSAIDs are deemed unsuitable, a pharmacist or doctor may recommend alternatives like paracetamol for pain relief.
Do You Have Osteoarthritis?
Common symptoms prompting the use of these medications include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and a grating sensation when moving. The NHS advises that you should see your GP if you have persistent symptoms, particularly in the knees, hips, or hands, for a formal diagnosis and to discuss a safe treatment plan.
The overarching message from the health service is clear: even if you are not in a high-risk group, NSAIDs should only be used on the advice of a healthcare professional, and patients must report any concerns to their doctor promptly.
