The Hidden Dangers of Over-the-Counter Medicines: A Public Health Alert
Many consumers assume that medicines sold over the counter are inherently safe, but a recent report highlights significant risks associated with their misuse or improper use. These readily accessible treatments, while beneficial when used as directed, can lead to serious health issues, including dependence and long-term harm.
Codeine: A Potent Opioid with High Risks
Codeine, an opioid commonly found in pain relievers and cough syrups, is particularly concerning. It can cause tolerance, physical dependence, and severe withdrawal symptoms. Specific risks are heightened for ultra-rapid metabolisers, who may experience intensified effects, increasing the potential for addiction and overdose.
Decongestants and Nasal Sprays: Rebound Effects and Dependence
Decongestant nasal sprays, often used for colds and allergies, can lead to rebound congestion, where symptoms worsen after discontinuation. This can foster psychological dependence, as users may feel compelled to continue use to avoid discomfort. Pseudoephedrine, another decongestant, has stimulant properties and is subject to strict controls due to its potential for misuse in illicit drug production.
Sedating Antihistamines: Sleep Aid Dangers
Sedating antihistamines like promethazine, frequently used as sleep aids, are linked to rising mortality rates. They can cause tolerance, meaning higher doses are needed for the same effect, and severe rebound insomnia upon cessation, disrupting natural sleep patterns and overall health.
Dextromethorphan (DXM) and Stimulant Laxatives: Misuse Concerns
Dextromethorphan (DXM), a common cough suppressant, is often misused for its dissociative effects, leading to hallucinations and impaired judgment. Stimulant laxatives, when abused, can result in dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and long-term damage to the gastrointestinal system, highlighting the need for cautious use.
This report underscores the importance of following dosage instructions and consulting healthcare professionals when using over-the-counter medicines to mitigate these risks and ensure public safety.
